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1993-04-21
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OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. TELEPHONE 354-5011
FOR RELEASE: WED. PMs, SEPTEMBER 13, 1972
A semi-autonomous Mars roving vehicle could provide
a vital planetary exploration bonus to the Viking Lander
project
in the next decade, two Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists
said today at Caltech.
With basic but not total control from Earth, the
proposed Mars Rover would carry on experiments for one
Martian
year (687 days) and perhaps determine whether the Red Planet
harbors life of any kind. This goal appears feasible in the
early 198Os, according to Raoul Choate and Leonard B. Jaffe.
The two JPL scientists outlined geological and
weather
studies that a slow-moving robot car might perform on Mars,
testing soil and atmosphere over a 500-kilometer (300-mile)
radius. Their paper was presented to the First National
Conference
on Remotely Manned Systems, cosponsored by the National
Aeronautics
and Space Administration and Caltech.
The unmanned rover should have "freedom of choice"
î
to perform various experiments and deploy scientific
instruments
on the Martian surface without intervention or command from
Earth, the JPL men suggested.
As it takes 6 to 4O minutes for Earth commands to
reach
Mars, the authors said rover should have on-board
decision-making
computers that do more than train its camera eyes and extend
its
-more-
-2-
manipulator arms. The machine, for example, should be
equipped
to dig, break and analyze rocks on its own, but not to choose
science-study areas. This function would be left to
scientists
on Earth.
Plans for a Mars roving mission would be based on
findings of NASA's 1975-6 Viking Project, first United
States'
attempt to land a scientific package on another planet.
Jaffe
and Choate were JPL lsaders in the Surveyor series of Moon-
landing spacecraft from 1966 through 1968.
The rover probably would be soft-landed on Mars
from
an orbiter, as will the Viking Lander. An orbiter also would
provide radio communications backup with the rover andpotentially
increase scientific data obtained.
Prominent rover instruments should include soil
chemical
and biological analyzers, two cameras for geological survey,
seismometers and kindred geophysical monitors, a laser range
finder to fix distances, a water detector, wind gauges,
thermometers,
barometer, and a variety of digging and drilling tools to be
handled
by flexible mechanical manipulators. The authors urged
improve-
ments be made in present manipulative arms.
They suggested a minimum of 24 instruments in a 93-
kilogram (205-pound) package for the Mars Rover. Alternative
payloads could range up to 82 instruments and 283 kilograms
(623 pounds). In such case, 30 instruments would be deployed
at
three places on the surface.
High scientific-yield areas on Mars, say the
scientists,
include the volcannic province of Nix Olympica, the Grand
Canyon
-more-
-3-
complex, and an equatorial belt of channels that appear
water- î
eroded.
Rover, the investigators said, also should be able
to
work a normal 8-hour day, with occasional overtime; move at
an
average speed of 25O meters (.16 of a mile) per hour;
traverse
up to 1,O00 kilometers (625 miles) within a 50O-km radius;
and function anywhere on Mars from 60 degrees south to 60
degrees
north latitude, without losing support from Earth stations or
the
orbiter.
Three Earth command stations probably would be
required
for a successful rover mission, the JPL men added.
Choate and Jaffe outlined the Mars Rover
requirements
at the three-day conference (Sept. 13-15), being attended by
about 200 scientists and engineers.
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BB-9/7/72
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